The nurse is preparing to admit a 6-month-old child with gastroesophageal reflux disease. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.)
a. Spitting up
b. Bilious vomiting
c. Failure to thrive
d. Excessive crying
e. Respiratory problems
ANS: A, C, D, E
Clinical manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease include spitting up, failure to thrive, excessive crying, and respiratory problems. Hematemesis, not bilious vomiting, is a manifestation.
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