Because knowing the true nature of a study may bias a participant's behavior and
invalidate the findings, researchers sometimes
a. postpone informed consent until the subject's participation in the study is over.
b. skip debriefing altogether.
c. use deception.
d. do not promise confidentiality to the participants.
e. counterbalance the administration of the independent variable.
c. use deception.
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Most philosophers beginning with Aristotle commonly believed that all knowledge is ____
a. gained through sensory experience b. innate or inborn c. built upon from simple schema present at birth d. acquired by integrating environmental cues with innate skills
An environmental risk factor closely related to mood disorders is negative thought patterns, or
a. automatic thoughts. b. hopefulness theory. c. cognitive distortions. d. delusions.
Which of these concepts does humanism endorse?
a. self-fulfillment c. free choice b. self-awareness d. all of these
According to Maslow:
a. most people reach the stage of self-actualization during adolescence b. self-actualization is a well-defined state of happiness and fulfillment c. higher-level needs will not be tended to until lower-level needs are adequately satisfied d. higher-level needs always take precedence over lower-level needs