This question contains several parts; be sure to answer each. First, define and explain the four types of reinforcement, including their effect on behavior. Next, imagine that you manage several hundred flight attendants as a flight services manager for a major airline. You have been receiving too many complaints about flight attendants being rude to passengers. In what ways might you use positive reinforcement to improve the situation? How might you use punishment?
What will be an ideal response?
Reinforcement is anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited. The four types are:
Positive reinforcement—use of positive consequences to encourage desirable behavior; increases the probability of future desired behavior
Negative reinforcement—the process of strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative; increases the probability of future desired behavior
Extinction—weakening of behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced; decreases the probability of that behavior
Punishment—the process of weakening behavior by presenting something negative or withdrawing something positive
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