Helium gas has the special property that its thermal energy is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature. Consider a flask of helium with a temperature of 10°C
If it is heated until it has twice as much thermal energy, show that its temperature is 293°C. Why would doubling the thermal energy of a flask of 10°C water not produce the same temperature?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Thermal energy changes are directly proportional to absolute temperature changes. So 10°C is 283 kelvins, and two times 283 kelvins = 566 kelvin. So helium with doubled thermal energy would have a temperature of 566 kelvin. Converting this to Celsius means subtracting 273 from 566, which gives 293°C. For water there is the added complication of phase change. Phase change for water is so great that doubling the thermal energy of a flask of 10°C water would be part water and part steam at 100°C!
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What will be an ideal response?
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a.
0.72 mJ
b.
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c.
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d.
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e.
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