What is common to both photosystems I and II?
A. Both involve the splitting of water to donate an electron to the reaction center
B. Both involve the generation of oxygen
C. Both lose an electron to a primary electron acceptor that passes the electron down an electron transport chain leading to the generation of ATP
D. Both contain a reaction center composed of chlorophyll a
E. Both are found in the stroma
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about the role that photo systems I and II in photosynthesis? What other information is related to the question?
Choose Answer
Do you have all the information needed to make a comparison?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
D. Both contain a reaction center composed of chlorophyll a
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
· The question asks you to determine what photosystems I and II have in common.
What type of thinking is required?
· You are being asked to break down, or analyze, each photo system to compare their feature and determine what they have in common.
Gather Content
What do you already know about the role that photo systems I and II in photosynthesis? What other information is related to the question?
· Photosynthesis is comprised of the light reactions, which produces ATP, NADPH, and oxygen and the Calvin cycle, which produces organic molecules from inorganic carbon dioxide. The first phase of photosynthesis includes the light reactions, where energy from the sun is captured using concentrated chlorophyll clusters organized in photosystems to remove electrons from water, excite them to a higher energy level, and to use redox reactions in order to eventually produce ATP and NADPH.
· Photosystems I and II are key to the function of the light reactions. Each photo system is comprised of multiple chlorophyll molecules that have specialized functions that serve to focus and amplify high-energy electrons to bring them to a reaction center. Comparing these photosystem features, how do they differ, and what do they share in common?
Choose Answer
Do you have all the information needed to make a comparison?
· First let’s consider what makes up a photo system. Chlorophyll molecules arranged in a cluster absorb photons from the sun and elevate the potential energy of an electron stripped from a water molecule. During this process the high-energy electron is passed to the photosystem reaction center and eventually on to an electron acceptor that begins the downstream process of electron transport, establishment of a proton gradient, and ATP production. So how do photosystem I and II compare?
· Let’s see if we can eliminate some possible answers. First, the light reactions, the processes where photosystems operate, happen in the thylakoid membrane and not the stroma. Second, the splitting of water occurs early on in the light reactions, and photosystem II is the complex that serve this function. If you recall, oxygen is a byproduct of water splitting, so anything having to do with the splitting of water or oxygen production can’t be associated with photosystem I, only photosystem II. So these are differences, not similarities. We also know that only photosystem II operates the proton pump needed to generate ATP. Yet again, another difference between the two photosystems.
· That leaves the only possible commonality between the two photosystems is a reaction center composed of chlorophyll a.
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
· Answering this question correctly depended on your ability to analyze photosystems I and II to determine what they have in common.
· If you got a correct answer, well done! If you got an incorrect answer, did you recall that the light reactions in photosynthesis rely on photosystems? Did you remember that photosystems contain reaction centers? Were you able to eliminate functions that are specific to one photo system or the other and use that to compare functions they have in common?
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