Imagine that a researcher publishes the results from a study that indicate a statistically significant association between sleep deprivation and coronary disease. This result would mean that
a. sleep deprivation causes coronary disease.
b. coronary disease causes sleep deprivation.
c. the effect of sleep deprivation on coronary disease is larger than the effect of any other factor.
d. the findings are not likely to be due to chance fluctuations.
D
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Which of the following terms refers to the fact that animals and human beings may be evolutionarily predisposed to learn to fear certain stimuli that threaten their survival?
A) instinctive drift B) construct survival C) emotional aversions D) preparedness
Manoj has sexual encounters with multiple partners. He contracts HIV and lives with it for almost 7 years during which he exhibits little to no signs of a terminal illness. He even gets a home test done and the result turns out to be HIV-negative. Which of the following is a safe conclusion that can be made from the characteristics exhibited by Manoj?
A. Manoj is as healthy as any other individual and can donate blood to others in need without any concerns. B. Manoj is healthy because his HIV test turned out to be negative and there is no cause to worry. C. Manoj's infection is highly contagious and can spread to others in spite of his apparent healthy disposition. D. Manoj's infection is spreading but is not contagious because his test results prove so.
Which of the following measures for distance has low face validity?
A. the time of day of a commute B. the miles covered in a commute C. the space in feet between two people D. the movement in inches of land following an earthquake
If you believe that you are the same person now as you were in childhood, your self-system is organized by the rule of _____________ in development.
a. continuity b. discontinuity c. flexibility d. inflexibility