What is the mechanism by which expression of an MDR protein affects treatment of cancer cells with an antitumor drug? How might you potentially counter the effect of such transporters?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The MDR ABC-type ATPase exports the drug, thereby detoxifying the cell, before the drug can inhibit the cancer cell activity. Countering the effect of MDR would require inhibiting its activity while treating with the antitumor drug. MDR activity might be inhibited with a specific chemical inhibitor or an inactivating antibody. Other approaches might involve knocking down MDR expression with molecular approaches involving gene knockouts or inhibiting RNAs.
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What is the basic functional unit of a nervous system?
A. A motor unit B. An axon C. A glial cell D. A neuron
In mammals, gestation is defined physiologically as the time from _____ to birth.
A. fertilization B. implantation C. blastocyst formation D. ovulation E. the first missed menstruation
You are working as a marine biologist off the coast of Mexico. While observing organisms in a tidepool, you find a dramatically colored animal that has not been classified before. Your observations lead you to think that this beautiful animal is apparently a nudibranch, which is a member of the mollusk phylum. However, you are puzzled by one feature that does not fit with the other anatomical and
physiological features of mollusks: stinging nematocysts in the external projections on the back of this animal. Explain how this animal might be correctly classified and what the supporting logic is. What will be an ideal response?
For each animal cell that begins oogenesis, the number of ova produced is four
__________________ Indicate whether the statement is true or false.