Which of the following statements is false?

a. Russian criminals began their criminal careers as members of adolescent street gangs in ethnic ghettos.
b. Russian organized crime encompasses any ethnic or national groups from the territory of the former Soviet Union.
c. In the former Soviet Union, law enforcement resources have been inadequate to deal with the menace of organized crime.
d. The breeding and training ground for Russian organized crime was established during the Communist era.


A

Criminal Justice

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