Which of the following is the third step in the process of hypnosis?
A. The participants are made comfortable in a quiet environment.
B. The hypnotist tells the participants to concentrate on a specific object or image, such as the hypnotist's moving finger or an image of a calm lake.
C. The hypnotist makes suggestions that the participants interpret as being produced by hypnosis.
D. The hypnotist explains what is going to happen, such as telling the participants that they will experience a pleasant, relaxed state.
Answer: B
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In Exercise 7, the movement ratio results for the experimental condition revealed blocking because the value of the movement ratio for the medium-intensity light (CSML) during the extinction trial (Stage 3) was
a. virtually zero. b. higher than the movement ratio for the tone in Stage 3. c. nearly that same as that for the tone in Stage 3. d. almost 1.0.
Researchers using naturalistic observations to study an animal colony must avoid making friends with the animals to minimize the
a. placebo effect. b. problem of sampling bias. c. effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. d. effects of the observer on the observed.
One of the most difficult consequences of agoraphobia is that those who suffer from the disorder are often unable to
a. keep a job. c. make casual conversation. b. enjoy pets. d. use elevators.
Pairing a pleasant stimulus with a fear-evoking object or situation describes
a. programmed learning. c. counterconditioning. b. shaping. d. flooding.