Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. The instrumental function of law does not rely on enforcement or action but instead “invites consideration.”
2. According to Gusfield, the symbolic function of law is one in which the behavior of individuals is proscribed; the law tells individuals what actions they can and cannot engage in, and agents of the law enforce those rules by arresting individuals who break the law.
3. According to Vold (1958), old groups are disbanded when they can no longer further their cause, and new groups form with the onslaught of new interests or needs.
4. Groups that do not have overlapping interests and needs are less likely to develop a conflicted relationship with one another.
5. Quinney (1970) advocated for a dynamic view of how criminologists study deviance and crime.


1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True

Criminal Justice

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