Explain how the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya illustrates how counterterrorism measures often produce more violence and suffering than do the actions of terrorists
What will be an ideal response?
• After the state of emergency went into effect, thousands of British soldiers arrived in Kenya and were charged with ending the rebellion.
• The government recruited and trained a large local force to assist the army.
• The ensuing campaign was ruthless and violent.
• 90,000 suspected rebels were detained in special internment camps.
• The level of rebel violence dropped as government violence increased.
• Mau Mau units were forced to retreat deeper into the forest in the wake of British military offensives.
• They devolved into forest gangs.
• Military and police units laid siege to the forest.
• After the summer of 1955 the Mau Mau movement became a paper tiger and the Kikuyu struggled to survive.
• This situation continued until the end of fighting in 1960.
• Government policy was ruthless.
• Over 90,000 Mau Mau suspects were interned during the state of emergency, and the conditions of custody were appalling.
• Thousands of suspects were tortured, and a few were executed outside of the justice system.
• Beatings were routine until suspects confessed that they had taken the oath and renounced it.
• As groups of Mau Mau detainees began to band together in prison, the government began to break up prison gangs by increasing individual torture.
• The military began employing two additional tactics in the forest.
• Separating rebels from food sources, they began starving the Kikuyu.
• In addition, after entering villages they systematically singled out women for rape and torture.
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