Cox et al. (1991 ) compared the symptoms of panic in panic disorder patients to students with panic attacks and found that:
a) There was discontinuity between nonclinical and clinical panic, suggesting that panic disorder is a qualitatively discrete disorder
b) There was continuity between nonclinical and clinical panic, suggesting that that panic attacks and panic disorder differ in degree but not in kind
c) There was substantial evidence of both continuity and discontinuity
d) None of the above; no clear pattern emerged so conclusions were not possible
b
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A physician notices that twice as many female patients complain of depression as male patients. The physician's first thought is that the cause is hormonal or genetic differences in the sexes. Research has ____
a. shown that only males who have a genetic vulnerability develop depression. b. been done extensively on this and results confirm that there is a hormonal basis for depression c. proven that this is simply not casein accurate explanation d. suggested that environmental and social-cultural factors interact with biological factors to influence gender differences in depression
The observation that individual performance within a group decreases as the number of people in a group increases is known as:
a. the Ringelmann effect b. the group size effect c. the social slacking effect d. the law of effect
Psychological tests that yield relatively consistent results are said to be:
a. reliable. b. standardized. c. valid. d. normed.
A newer form of psychosurgery-cingulotomy-is used in cases of
A. major depression. B. obsessive-compulsive disorder. C. bipolar disorder. D. schizophrenia.