The Sukuma of Tanzania were first registered as a single tribe by colonial administrators. In Rwanda and Burundi, the distribution of colonial identity cards created arbitrary ethnic divisions. These two cases
a: suggest that strong ethnic identities are a key ingredient of development
b: illustrate that many ethnic groups and tribes are colonial constructions, something inciting and aggravating conflict
c: are evidence that colonial administrators were informed about the cultures of their colonial subjects
d: show how tribal distinctions are better than ethnic ones because the latter always leads to civil violence
e: are examples of the Spanish intervention philosophy that eventually all colonial administrations adopted because of its success in Latin America
Ans: b: illustrate that many ethnic groups and tribes are colonial constructions, something inciting and aggravating conflict
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