Describe two distinct purposes and three distinct forms of aggression

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Beginning in late infancy, all children display aggression at times. As interactions with siblings and peers increase, so do aggressive outbursts. By the second year, aggressive acts with two distinct purposes emerge. Initially, the most common is proactive (or instrumental) aggression, in which children act to fulfill a need or desire—obtain an object, privilege, space, or social reward, such as adult or peer attention—and unemotionally attack a person to achieve their goal. The other type, reactive (or hostile) aggression, is an angry, defensive response to provocation or a blocked goal and is meant to hurt another person.
Proactive and reactive aggression come in three forms:
• Physical aggression harms others through physical injury—pushing, hitting, kicking, or punching others or destroying another's property.
• Verbal aggression harms others through threats of physical aggression, name-calling, or hostile teasing.
• Relational aggression damages another's peer relationships through social exclusion, malicious gossip, or friendship manipulation.
In early childhood, verbal aggression gradually replaces physical aggression. And proactive aggression declines as preschoolers' improved capacity to delay gratification enables them to avoid grabbing others' possessions. But reactive aggression in verbal and relational forms tends to rise over early and middle childhood. Older children are better able to recognize malicious intentions and, as a result, more often respond in hostile ways.