The mother asks the nurse why the human papillomavirus vaccine (Gardasil) is administered at age 11 or 12 rather than earlier, as with other vaccines. The nurse would correctly educate the mother by making which statement?
1. "The vaccine requires the onset of puberty to be effective."
2. "Other vaccines must be given first to establish immunity, upon which this immunization is based."
3. "The virus is spread by sexual contact, which mostly likely begins during the teen years."
4. "There are too many side effects if given too early."
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: The vaccine does not require the development of secondary sexual characteristics to be effective.
Rationale 2: The effectiveness of this vaccine is not dependent on other vaccines.
Rationale 3: The teen years are the most likely for the beginning of sexual contact.
Rationale 4: Side effects are not based on age.
Global Rationale: Spread through sexual contact, HPV infection may be asymptomatic or lead to the development of a low-grade infection that resolves spontaneously in individuals with a healthy immune system. A high-grade HPV infection may lead to the development of dysplasia, a precancerous change in the cervical cells that is directly related to the viral infection. The CDC recommends the routine vaccination of females 11 to 12 years old and of females ages 13 to 26 years who were not vaccinated at an earlier age. Females who have already been infected with a strain of HPV experience less benefit from vaccination. The vaccine does not depend upon puberty for effectiveness. It is not dependent upon previous vaccinations and the dosing schedule is not based upon side effects.
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