Dr. Stephenson wants to investigate whether children who eat a lot of processed sugar find it more difficult to sit still and concentrate in school than children who don't. She randomly divides all the children in the Edward L. Thorndike Elementary School into two groups. Group one is given a breakfast of Chocolate Frosted Sugar Bombs cereal and chocolate milk, and a midday snack of Jolt Cola and
Crunchy Sugar Granola Chews. Group two is given an identical breakfast and snack, but their food contains artificial sweeteners instead of processed sugar. Dr. Stephenson records the behavior of each group of children on these diets for one month and compares them statistically. In this experiment, Dr. Stephenson's experimental group is the
A) children's behavior before and after their breakfasts and snacks.
B) type of sweetener used in the children's breakfasts and snacks.
C) children in group one.
D) children in group two.
C
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Nicolas has autistic disorder and is mute. A therapist working with Nicolas initially gave him a piece of chocolate any time he made a sound with his lips. This slowly changed until Nicolas only received a piece of chocolate for saying complete words, and eventually only for saying complete sentences. In this example, Nicolas developed speech skills through the use of
a. classical conditioning. b. modeling. c. shaping. d. negative reinforcement.
Who is likely to discontinue his or her behavior first if reinforcement completely stops?
a. ?Penny, who plays the slot machines b. ?Sam, who receives $20 each time he mows his neighbor’s lawn c. ?Ralph, who is out on his boat fishing for striped bass d. ?Wendy, who repeatedly checks for e-mail while studying
An unlearned response in which an organism attends to a stimulus is called a(n) ___________ ___________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Refusing to acknowledge a painful or threatening reality is ______
a. repression c. denial b. projection d. rationalization