How can scientific studies control for the Hawthorne effect, placebo effect, and researcher bias?
To control for Hawthorne effect, placebo effect, and researcher bias, scientists use blinding (especially double-blinding); use randomization; and control for confounding variables.
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Excess dietary fiber can inhibit zinc absorption
Excess dietary fiber can inhibit zinc absorption. True False
John is 60 years old and has been experiencing numbness in his hands for the past 3 months. His doctor suspects that John is not producing enough hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor and encourages him to eat more foods containing vitamin B12 . What is wrong with this suggestion?
a. People missing intrinsic factor cannot digest foods containing vitamin B12 and will develop diarrhea b. Intrinsic factor is not associated with vitamin B12 and eating more foods containing it would have no effect on John's health c. It is improbable that a lack of hydrochloric acid production and intrinsic factor are associated with the numbness that John is experiencing d. Because John has no intrinsic factor, he cannot efficiently utilize vitamin B12 from natural sources and would need a vitamin B12-fortified food or supplement
The start of the cancer process that begins with the alteration of DNA within cells is called the:
a. initiation phase. b. progression phase. c. promotion phase. d. remission phase.
Describe two different theories that may be utilized in nutrition counseling and list examples of their clinical applications