Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)

Question

1. According to Herzberg, motivating factors are the only factors associated with job satisfaction. 
2. In two-factor theory, hygiene factors include achievement, recognition, and responsibility. 
3. Expectancy theory is considered a reinforcement perspective on motivation. 
4. Process perspectives try to explain why employees have different needs and what behaviors they select to satisfy them. 

Answer 1

1. TRUE
In Herzberg's theory, the higher-level needs, motivating factors, or simply motivators, are factors associated with job satisfaction. These include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and advancement, all of which affect the job content or the rewards of work performance. The hygiene factors are associated with job dissatisfaction.
2. FALSE
In Herzberg's two-factor theory, the motivating factors include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and advancement. Hygiene factors include salary, working conditions, interpersonal relationships, and company policy.
3. FALSE
The three process perspectives on motivation are equity theory, expectancy theory, and goal-setting theory.
4. TRUE
Whereas need-based perspectives simply try to understand employee needs, process perspectives go further and try to understand why employees have different needs, what behaviors they select to satisfy them, and how they decide if their choices were successful.