Which of the following is an established argument in favor of discretion in the criminal justice system?
a. Some state constitutions require discretion.
b. Discretion is noncontroversial.
c. Discretion is almost always effective.
d. It is impossible for any law to be fairly enforced.
e. Discretion is needed because the system lacks the resources to treat every case the same way.
e
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An individual with low income experiences victimization followed by severe depression. The dual effect of low income and victimization is called what?
A. victimization salience B. risk heterogeneity C. compounding vulnerability D. repeat victimization
A research approach that asks participants to describe their recent and lifetime criminal activity is termed:
a. field observation b. meta-analysis c. cross-sectional research d. a self-report survey
Which of the following would promote the development of creative forms of crime control, such as drug courts and teen courts?
A) community justice B) problem-oriented policing C) community prosecution D) community policing
In both of its forms, ______ can be criticized for attempting to provide a single explanation for every human act.
a. honesty b. hedonism c. pessimism d. morality