Why does upregulation of nicotinic receptors occur from chronic nicotine administration?
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Through the functions of nicotinic receptors, which enter a desensitized state soon after activation by nicotine, nicotine ultimately acts as a functional antagonist. Chronic administration of antagonist leads to pharmacodynamic tolerance - in this case, more nicotinic receptors are synthesized to compensate for nicotinic receptors that are repeatedly in a desensitized state.
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Having internal rules for guiding appropriate behavior is an important concept in research on abnormal behavior and is known as ___________________
Not sure what the answer for this!
Genes are strongly correlated with one's happiness
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
______ is calculated from the sum of the squared differences between the observed and expected frequencies divided by the expected frequencies.
A. Pearson r B. Cohen's d C. Chi-square test D. Expected frequency
When are the rates of asthma the highest?
a. infancy b. early childhood c. middle childhood d. adolescence