In species that reproduce via external fertilization:

a. males do not have to compete with each other for access to a female's eggs
b. only females provide parental investment, in the form of the nutrition present in the egg
c. sexual selection does not operate
d. sperm and egg encounter each other outside of the female's body, typically in an aquatic environment
e. none of these


Answer: d. sperm and egg encounter each other outside of the female's body, typically in an aquatic environment

Biology & Microbiology

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