Hormone replacement therapy is often used to treat symptoms of menopause. Typically, estrogen and progesterone are used rather than GnRH, FSH, and LH. Can you explain why?
What will be an ideal response?
At menopause, the ovaries are no longer functioning normally and thus do not respond to GnRH, FSH, or LH. Since these hormones are no longer available, direct regulation of estrogen and progesterone can be achieved through supplemental hormones.
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When performing a dissection, you notice that some of the nerves of the thoracic section of the spinal cord have ganglia that are located very close to the spinal cord. Some run laterally along the vertebral column. Many of the postganglionic fibers extend from these "chain" ganglia over to their effector organs. You are observing nerves of the ________ division.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
In the retina, the __________ cells are the second-order neurons of the visual pathway whose axons form the optic nerve.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Once a B cell has been activated by a specific antigen (an antigen binds to an antigen receptor on the B cell membrane), it will divide, making many copies of itself. This process is known as
A. hypersensitivity. B. apoptosis. C. induced immunity. D. clonal selection.
Most of the circulating blood can be found in ________.
A. veins B. arterioles C. capillaries D. arteries