What is the purpose of counterbalancing a design? What are the differences between complete counterbalancing, partial counterbalancing, and Latin Square design? When would you use each of them?
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: The purpose of counterbalancing a design is to try to balance out the effects (e.g., practice, sensitization, and carryover effects). There are three types of counterbalancing: complete counterbalancing, partial, and Latin Square. In complete counterbalancing, all possible sequences of your treatments are used and the same number of times (usually just once). Each person actually only receives one order (all conditions, but only one order). Partial counterbalancing involves a random (using a computer program) assignment of a different sequence to each participant. Latin Square is a particular kind of counterbalancing in which each treatment appears in each row and each column one time only. This means that if there are four treatments, there are four orders represented. Each participant only receives one order (all treatments). If the study involves participants who are easily obtained, and there are lots of them, complete counterbalancing should be used. If the researcher has control over the assigned group, and there are fewer participants available, a Latin Square should be used. Because of the potential for missing cells, a partial counterbalancing design should only be used if the others cannot.
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