According to a theory regarding performance-related beliefs, the effort-to-performance link is called
A) instrumentality.
B) valence.
C) outcome.
D) viability.
E) expectancy.
E) expectancy.
Answer: E
Explanation: Expectancy is people's perceived likelihood that their efforts will enable them to attain their performance goals. In Exhibit 13.5, expectancy is the link between effort and performance.
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