Research has indicated that children can complete some tasks earlier than Piaget had theorized if the:
A. child has developed egocentric thinking
B. child has attended day care
C. tasks are presented in different ways
D. tasks involve gender schemas
Answer: C
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Allport referred to the most general and dominating aspects of behavior and personality as _____.
A. central traits B. surface traits C. dispositions D. factor analysis
According to early beliefs, what would characterize an individual with an excess of phlegm?
A. Calmness B. Schizophrenia C. Irritability D. Cheerfulness
Research on positive illusions and goal-setting indicates that ____
a. when setting goals, most people set aside positive illusions, and are (at least temporarily) realistic b. most people are overly optimistic and ambitious when setting goals c. because most people have positive illusions about themselves and their lives, they usually fail to set goals at all (and just assume that things will turn out well) d. because most people have positive illusions about themselves and their lives, they tend to set goals for the distant future, but not goals for the present or immediate future
Which heuristic involves starting with a possible solution and then working in reverse order to see if the data support the solution?
a. insight heuristic b. creating subgoals c. means-end heuristic d. backward-working heuristic e. functional fixedness