What statements best describe the association between smoking and pulmonary infections? Select all that apply
a. Smoking interferes with respiratory functions, including the ability to move the chest, cough, and sneeze.
b. Smoking increases alveolar elasticity, leading to overproduction of mucus that leads to pulmonary infections.
c. Smoking decreases movement of the cilia in the lower airways, creating a favorable environment for bacterial growth.
d. Nonsmokers chronically exposed to secondhand smoke have minimal risk for pulmonary infections.
ANS: A, C
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The nurse inspecting the optic disc of a child with intracranial hemorrhage would find:
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When cold is applied to the skin, blood flow:
a. Increases b. Decreases c. Stops d. Changes direction