The nurse identified each of the following clinical manifestations of inflammation. Which would the nurse classify as a local response? (select all that apply)
a. Fever
b. Redness
c. Swelling
d. Heat
e. Pain
ANS: B, C, D, E
Local manifestations of inflammation are the result of the vascular changes associated with the inflammatory process, including vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. The symptoms include redness, heat, swelling, and pain. Fever is a symptom of infection.
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