Explain the significance of endospores.
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Because an endospore can regenerate the cell that produced it, these bacterial structures are an important survival mechanism for some bacteria, as well as an important method of transmitting diseases caused by these bacteria. For example, because they are hard to destroy, endospores can be a source of diseases that are caused by anaerobic organisms, such as tetanus and botulism, or that are transmitted over long distances and times, such as anthrax. Endospores can also survive for indefinite periods of time; the minimum documented durability of endospores is 34 years, but there is some evidence to suggest that endospores may be able to survive for millions of years. Endospores are this resistant because they have a special protective coating and go through a process called sporulation, in which a copy of the cell's genome is prepared for long-term "storage" inside the endospore. This makes endospores a special challenge in sterilization applications.
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©McGraw-Hill EducationBased on the phylogeny shown, choose the true statement about evolutionary relationships.
A. Fern is more closely related to pine than to rose. B. Ginkgo is more closely related to oak than rose. C. Oak is equally related to rose and pine. D. Fern is equally related to ginkgo and oak.
According to the following figure, which extant group of Homo sapien potentially has DNA from all three of the pictured extinct hominin lineages, and which has none?
A. east asians, africans B. africans, europeans C. east asians, europeans D. melanesians, africans
What is the likely trade-off that bluegill sneaker males make according to the data on sperm longevity and density below? Speculate on a possible constraint as a reason for this trade-off in one sentence
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When a plasma membrane allows some substances through but not others, it is ________ .
a. nonpolar b. polar c. able to use active transport d. selectively permeable e. diffusible