True cocci, such as most Neisseria spp. and Moraxella catarrhalis, can be differentiated from morphologically similar Moraxella species by:
a. comparing the penicillin susceptibility testing results of the bacteria.
b. subjecting the bacterium to noninhibitory concentrations of penicillin.
c. identifying the resistance of Moraxella to many <-lactam antimicrobial agents.
d. performing the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) test.
B
The Moraxella discussed in this chapter are either coccobacilli or short-to-medium–sized, gram-negative rods. Subinhibitory concentrations of penicillin, such as those that occur in the presence of a 10-unit penicillin disk, cause the coccoid forms of these bacteria to elongate to a bacillus morphologic appearance. In contrast, true cocci, such as most Neisseria spp. and M. catarrhalis, with which these organisms may be confused, maintain their original coccus shape in the presence of penicillin.
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