IV. ¡A leer!Read the following passage. Then, say whether each sentence below is cierto (C) or falso (F).El español es el idioma oficial de veintiún países (countries). Hay aproximadamente 500 millones personas que hablan español en el mundo (world). El español, descendiente del latín, es importante para muchas profesiones. Aquí hay unas: la medicina, el turismo, la educación y las ciencias sociales.
Hay 31 países en el mundo que tienen el español como idioma oficial. __________
A. cierto
B. falso
Answer: B
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History is full of cases where dreams have been a pathway to creativity and discovery. A striking example is provided by Dr. Otto Loewi, a pharmacologist and winner of a Nobel prize. Loewi had spent years studying the chemical transmission of nerve impulses. A tremendous breakthrough in his research came when he dreamed of an experiment three nights in a row. The first 2 nights he woke up and
scribbled the experiment on a pad. But the next morning, he couldn't tell what the notes meant. On the third night, he got up after having the dream. This time, instead of making notes he went straight to his laboratory and performed the crucial experiment. Loewi later said that if the experiment had occurred to him while awake he would have rejected it. Loewi's experiment gives some insight into using dreams to produce creative solutions. Inhibitions are reduced during dreaming, which may be especially useful in solving problems that require a fresh point of view. Being able to take advantage of dreams for problem solving is improved if you "set" yourself before retiring. Before you go to bed, try to think intently about a problem you wish to solve. Steep yourself in the problem by stating it clearly and reviewing all relevant information. Then use the suggestions listed in the previous section to catch your dreams. Although this method is not guaranteed to produce a novel solution or a new insight, it is certain to be an adventure. About half of a group of college students using the method for 1 week recalled a dream that helped them solve a personal problem. In the third paragraph, the word steep means a. taking large steps. b. excessive. c. to subject thoroughly to. d. rising or falling rapidly
várices: _______________
Write the words or phrases that correspond.
Read the memo below and answer the questions that follow.
TO: All Employees FROM: Dan Rogers DATE: March 15, 2013 SUBJECT: Proper Lifting Techniques In the past three months, our company has seen a 60 percent increase in on-the-job back injuries. These accidents cost thousands of dollars in workers’ compensation claims each year. Even worse, though, a back injury can cause long-term disability. Someone who hurts his or her back may never be able to return to work or handle simple, everyday tasks like combing hair or picking up a baby. So please review the proper procedures for picking up heavy objects, both at work and at home. These techniques will significantly reduce your risk of experiencing back strain. • Plan ahead what you want to do and don’t be in a hurry. Position yourself close to the object you want to lift. Separate your feet shoulder-width apart to give yourself a solid base of support. Bend at the knees. Tighten your stomach muscles as you stand up. Don’t try to lift by yourself an object that is too heavy or is an awkward shape. Get help. • To lift a very light object from the floor, such as a piece of paper, lean over the object, slightly bend one knee and extend the other leg behind you. Hold on to a nearby chair or table for support as you reach down to the object. • Whether you’re lifting a heavy laundry basket or a heavy box on the job, remember to get close to the object, bend at the knees, and lift with your leg muscles. Do not bend at your waist. When lifting luggage, stand alongside the luggage, bend at your knees, grasp the handle, and straighten up. • While you are holding the object, keep your knees slightly bent to maintain your balance. If you have to move the object to one side, avoid twisting your body. Point your toes in the direction you want to move and pivot1 in that direction. Keep the object close to you when moving. • If you must place an object on a shelf, move as close as possible to the shelf. Spread your feet in a wide stance, positioning one foot in front of the other, to give you a solid base of support. Do not lean forward and do not fully extend your arms while holding the object in your hands. • If the shelf is chest high, move close to the shelf and place your feet apart and one foot forward. Lift the object chest high, keep your elbows at your side, and position your hands so you can push the object up and onto the shelf. Remember to tighten your stomach muscles before lifting. • When sitting, keep your back in a normal, slightly arched position. Make sure your chair supports your lower back. Keep your head and shoulders erect. Make sure your working surface is at the proper height so you don’t have to lean forward. • Once an hour, if possible, stand and stretch. Place your hands on your lower back and gently arch backward. • Following these procedures will help protect you from a costly and painful injury. Please call my office at extension 613 if you have any questions about this information. 1. According to this memo, which of the following is NOT a reason to protect yourself from back injury? a. It costs your company money. b. It can prevent you from being able to work again. c. It can prevent you from being able to do simple, everyday activities. d. It can result in an addiction to painkilling drugs. 2. To lift a light object from the floor, you should lean over the object, bend one knee, and a. stretch one arm high into the air. b. stretch your other leg out behind you. c. lower the other knee to the floor. d. bend at the waist. 3. When lifting a heavy object, you should never a. bend your knees. b. lift with your leg muscles. c. bend at the waist. d. get close to the object. 4. If you sit all day, what should you try to do once every hour? a. lift something heavy b. tighten your stomach muscles c. stand and stretch d. pivot from side to side
Many common expressions contain prepositions
Indicate whether the statement is true or false