Explain how glucagon and insulin maintain normal blood glucose levels
What will be an ideal response?
Beta cells of the pancreas increase insulin production when blood glucose levels increase beyond the normal range. Insulin decreases blood glucose levels by increasing glucose uptake by cells and storage of glucose, amino acids, and fats. As the blood glucose level returns to its normal range, negative feedback to beta cells decreases insulin secretion. If the blood glucose level decreases below the normal range, such as through fasting, alpha cells of the pancreas increase glucagon production. Glucagon triggers the breakdown of glycogen into glucose and the formation of new glucose through gluconeogenesis to raise blood glucose levels. As the blood glucose level returns to its normal range, negative feedback to alpha cells decreases glucagon secretion.
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