Carrying out legislative policy is known as
a. delegation.
b. lobbying.
c. co-optation.
d. implementation.
e. discretion.
D
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The University of Michigan affirmative action cases reaffirmed the Supreme Court’s requirement that race-conscious policymaking is subject to “strict scrutiny.” Under “strict scrutiny,” the courts must ask whether a race-conscious policy is
a. sufficiently important to constitute a compelling government interest. b. narrowly tailored to advance a compelling government interest. c. adopted by all levels of government (i.e., national, state, and local). d. both a and b.
Which of the following is not considered part of the informal legislative process?
a. governor's signature b. interest group pressure c. logrolling d. public opinion
The Supreme Court struck down the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) as it applied to the states because
a. Congress could not, through legislation, expand the constitutional right to free exercise of religion. b. it gave too little authority to the federal government. c. it placed too great a burden on religious institutions. d. it violated the Fifth Amendment. e. it was passed without prior consent of the Court.
The phrase that best describes the shift in America's world position from the pre- to the post-World War II eras is "________."
A. interventionism to isolationism B. containment to isolationism C. internationalism to isolationism D. isolationism to internationalism E. None of these answers is correct.