Abnormal cutaneous reflexes that occur after an upper motor neuron lesion include which of the following?
A. Emergence of Babinski's sign
B. Muscle spasms in response to normally innocuous stimuli
C. Paresthesias
D. Both A and B
E. A, B, and C
ANS: D
Rationale: Both Babinski's sign and muscle spasms in response to normally innocuous stimuli are abnormal cutaneous reflexes that occur after an UMN lesion. Paresthesia is an abnormal sensation, not a reflex.
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