In Santobello v. New York (1971), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that:

a. when a guilty plea rests on a promise of a prosecutor, it must be fulfilled.
b. defendants must uphold the plea agreement or suffer the consequences.
c. a plea of guilty may be accepted for the purpose of a lesser sentence by a defendant who maintains his or her innocence.
d. defendants must state that they are voluntarily making a plea of guilty.
e. preventive detention can be issued in cases involving juveniles.


a

Criminal Justice

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Throughout adolescence, Earl was often truant from school and frequently drank alcohol. Although he was never arrested, Earl shoplifted and stole money from his parents and friends. At age 20, Earl began working in a restaurant and was eventually promoted to sous chef. Earl is now in culinary school and has not engaged in delinquent behavior for years. According to life course theory, which factor was most important to Earl’s desistance from crime?

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