A nurse instructs a class of older adult women about Kegel exercises. In which of the following urinary conditions would Kegel exercises be effective? (Select all that apply.)
A) Functional incontinence
B) Pelvic organ prolapse
C) Stress incontinence
D) Urge incontinence
E) Urinary retention
Ans: B, C, D
Pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME) is an evidence-based practice that is effective as a first-line intervention for men and women with stress, urge, and mixed incontinence and in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Functional impairments are a major risk factor for the development of incontinence because they can interfere with the ability to recognize and respond to the urge to void in a timely manner. Because older adults have a shorter interval between the perception of the urge to void and the actual need to empty the bladder, any delay in reaching an appropriate receptacle can result in incontinence.
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