What major occurrences accompanied the early development of labor relations in the criminal justice system?
What will be an ideal response
The first campaign to organize the police started shortly after World War I, when the American Federation of Labor (AFL) reversed a long-standing policy and issued charters to police unions in Boston, Washington, D.C., and about 30 other cities. Shortly thereafter, on September 9, 1919, the Boston police initiated their now-famous 3-day strike, leading to major riots; 9 rioters were killed and 23 were seriously injured. During World War II, however, the unionization effort was reignited. Unions issued charters to a few dozen locals all over the country and sent in organizers to help enlist the rank-and-file. The unions were survived in the early 1950s by many benevolent and fraternal organizations of police. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, a vocal group of rank-and-file association leaders came into power. Today labor relations remain a critical topic in policing, and these relations have a significant impact on the administration of police departments and individual units. Today many police unions exist; the two largest—the Fraternal Order of Police and the National Association of Police Organizations—report a combined membership of nearly 570,000 sworn officers.
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The term ______ refers to a sense of cohesion within a given community where citizens have close and interlocking relationships with one another.
A. environmental crime prevention B. collective efficacy C. broken windows D. community justice
The production of glucose is largely regulated by the pancreas in response to chemical messages from a portion of the brain called the ______.
A. hippocampus B. hypoglycemic C. hypothalamus D. hippotasso
Co-offending is defined as:
a. the tendency for youths to commit 2 or more delinquent acts rather than a single act b. the tendency for youths to use drugs or alcohol when they commit delinquent acts c. the tendency to commit delinquent acts in small groups rather than alone d. the tendency for youths to commit delinquent acts when with older youths
What stage of adaptation did Merton refer to when individuals have rejected both the goals of the culture and the institutional means of attaining them?
A) retreatism B) ritualism C) conformity D) innovation