Describe active immunization
In active immunization, the individual is exposed to an antigen in a harmless form and produces antibodies as well as activated T and B cells and memory cells. The memory immune response, initiated upon exposure to the pathogen or a booster, prevents infection and provides additional antibodies and memory cells. In some cases, such as influenza, the residual antibodies are more important than the memory response due to the short incubation period of the disease, and more frequent vaccinations are often required to maintain the antibody level.
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In clinical practice, basal or resting energy expenditure is estimated by using
a. blood tests b. calipers c. diet histories d. indirect calorimetry
___________ are based on a 2000-calorie per day diet, and the percentage of that nutrient's DV present in a serving is listed on a food label.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Spina bifida and anencephaly are associated with inadequate maternal intake of what micronutrient?
A) niacin B) vitamin C C) iron D) folate
A women who gains excess weight during her pregnancy increases risk for all of the following EXCEPT an increased risk for the
A. mother developing high blood pressure. B. mother developing gestational diabetes. C. need for cesarean section to delivery infant. D. infant being born with a low birthweight.