Which of the following is true with respect to cognitive maps?
A. It is possible to create a cognitive map without being able to see the environment.
B. They are not subject to any cognitive distortions.
C. They are especially helpful in navigating unfamiliar environments.
D. Cognitive maps are extraordinarily accurate representations of the environment.
Answer: A
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Unlike the excitatory conditioning of the tone in the control condition of Exercise 10, the excitatory conditioning of the tone in the experimental condition (Stage 2)
a. involved pairing the tone with shock. b. produced a steady increase in the CS response strength of the tone. c. progressed from a negative value of CS response strength to a positive value. d. resulted in a decrease in the movement ratio across trials.
Which problem is solved by establishing the magazine sound in the operant chamber as a secondary reinforcer?
a. Locating the food hopper b. Providing a reinforcer immediately c. Establishing food as a reinforcer d. Strengthening the bar-food association
If an observation period is divided into a number of time periods, and the behavior is recorded during only part of each interval it is called _____________ recording
a. interval b. continuous c. product d. time sample
To avoid the heat it is better to wear white clothing as opposed to black when out in the sun. This is true because
a. black reflects light whereas white reflects little light. b. white absorbs the light. c. white reflects a lot of light whereas black reflects little light. d. none of these.