In a classic experiment, psychology students were assigned to work either with "bright" rats or with "dull" rats, described as such by the experimenter. In a task involving learning a maze, rats arbitrarily labelled as "bright" learned the maze faster than did rats arbitrarily labelled as "dull." The experimenter suspected that the psychology students with "bright" rats took the learning task
more seriously, and this was reflected in their rats' performance. This finding illustrates how:
A) expectations can influence observations.
B) observations can influence measurement.
C) expectations can influence reality.
D) observations can influence reality.
C) expectations can influence reality.
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Which set of scores below contains the most variability?
a. 151515151515 b. 343434 c. 142516 d. 252725272527
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1 People are creatures of habit and usually behave the same way, regardless of whether or not they are being observed in a psychological study 2 When participants in an experiment behave in a way they think the experimenter wants them to behave, the problem of demand characteristics develops 3 Naturalistic observation is a method for determining causal relationships between variables 4 Unobtrusive naturalistic observation helps minimize the problem of demand characteristics 5 Double-blind observations are a way of controlling for experimenter bias
Which statement is TRUE regarding quality of sleep and ethnicity?
a. ?There are no known ethnic differences in sleeping problems. b. ?African Americans report lower sleep quality than European Americans. c. ?Sleep apnea does not exist among Hispanics and American Indians. d. ?European Americans report taking longer to get to sleep than other groups.
In the Strange Situation, infants with insecure–avoidant attachment __________
A) prefer the parent to the stranger B) convey clear pleasure when the parent returns C) seem unresponsive to the parent when the parent is present D) combine clinginess with angry, resistive behavior when the parent returns