Researchers had participants look at photos of African American and white young men holding various objects in their hand. The participants' job was to determine if the object in the hand was a gun or not, and to press a button labeled "shoot"
if the object was a gun. This research demonstrated a greater likelihood to
a. press the button and "shoot" the black young men, regardless of what they were holding.
b. press the button and "shoot" the white young men, regardless of what they were holding.
c. not press the button at all and thereby be shot themselves.
d. press the button for every young man they saw.
Answer: A
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The cognitive approach has been criticized in which of the following ways?
A. It does not fit well with current trends in psychology. B. The research has given it little support. C. It is too specific and needs more abstraction. D. It is not needed to explain individual differences in behavior.
Perceptual misconstruction is responsible for misleading or distorted perceptions known as
a. illusions. b. hallucinations. c. physiological nystagmus. d. sensory habituations.
Simple prototypes can be taught by means of exemplars, or pointing out examples that fit and those that do not. What are these examples referred to as?
a. positive or negative reinforcers c. positive or negative outcomes b. positive or negative instances d. all of these
The best predictor of whether a person will respond in an emergency situation is
a. the size of the group. b. the personalities of the people in the group. c. the location of the situation. d. the ethnicity of those involved. e. how often people have helped others previously.