Explain what learned helplessness is and describe how it develops. Also discuss the effects it has on people and animals after it is established.
What will be an ideal response?
Learned helplessness is the failure to attempt to escape a negative situation because of repeated failures to escape in the past. Initially outlined by Seligman, it occurred when he exposed animals to inescapable shocks; after multiple attempts to escape, the animals gave up. It may be used to explain why some people stay in abusive relationships, have a negative explanatory style, or develop depression.
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Some argue that humans should learn more readily than lower animals because of humans' greater amount of gray matter. Such a belief is variation of ____.?
a. ?Watson's purposive behaviorism b. ?Watson's concept of internal drives c. ?Lashley's law of mass action d. ?Lashley's principle of equipotentiality e. ?Watson's paradigm of evolution from animals to humans
When contingency management is used to modify the reinforcement of an individual, we are performing
a. behavior therapy. b. cognitive therapy. c. cognitive-behavioral therapy. d. institutionalization.
Obesity is a ____
a. chronic medical condition b. disorder of weight regulation c. failure of willpower d. childhood-onset mental disorder
Archimedes was asked by the king to determine whether the goldsmith in making his crown had cheated the king by substituting cheaper metals. To solve this problem, Archimedes first defined the problem and then he checked all known methods of analyzing metals. This gathering of information about metal analysis would constitute which stage of creative thought?
a. incubation b. illumination c. preparation d. verification