Imagine the table that illustrates the relationship between the nature of the null hypothesis and your action as a researcher (which includes potential Type I and Type II errors), and apply the four possible outcomes to situations of mandated drug testing in elite athletics. One: Describe the statistical equivalent to when a famous baseball player’s blood test was negative for performance-enhancing drugs when there truly were no performance-enhancing drugs present in his blood. Two: Describe the statistical equivalent to when a world-class sprinter’s blood test was positive for performance-enhancing drugs when there truly were no performance-enhancing drugs present in her blood. Three: Describe the statistical equivalent to when a famous baseball player’s blood test was negative for
performance-enhancing drugs when there truly were performance-enhancing drugs present in his blood. Four: Describe the statistical equivalent to when a world-class sprinter’s blood test was positive for performance-enhancing drugs when there truly were performance-enhancing drugs present in her blood.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Part 1: Bingo! Accurate! The null was accepted when it was true; the baseball player was not doping. Part 2: There is a Type I error that has occurred here. The sprinter was not doping, but the blood test indicated she was. Part 3: There is a Type II error that has occurred here. The baseball player was indeed doping, but the test did not find it. Part 4: Good investigative work! Power is demonstrated here. The sprinter was indeed doping, and the test accurately found it.
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According to the figure below, which of the following statements would be true?
a. There is no interaction effect.
b. There is an interaction effect.
c. There is a main effect but no interaction effect.
d. There is a simple effect but no interaction effect.
Television is a source of __________________ stereotypes
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Which of the following assumptions is most consistent with the top-down model of
reading? a. good decoding translates directly into good comprehension b. meaning is always accessed via a phonological code c. comprehension is a highly constructive process d. a text is processed word by word
Researchers have concluded that literacy development begins long before children enter the first grade. Describe two examples of what young children do that might have lead researchers to this conclusion
What will be an ideal response?