List three criticisms of two-factor theory.
What will be an ideal response?
1. Although exposure to the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus should eliminate avoidance behavior, it is often extremely resistant to extinction.
2. There is often an absence of fear in a well-established avoidance response.
3. Animals can learn to avoid aversive events with Sidman avoidance procedure even though there is no external warning stimulus.
4. Kamin’s experiment demonstrates that preventing an aversive event is necessary to learn an avoidance response.
5. The avoidance response is not learned when trace conditioning is used.
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With respect to reducing the risk of recurring heart attacks, a health education program is LEAST likely to contain a unit on ______.
A. exercise routines B. healthy diet C. smoking cessation D. problem-focused coping
Which factor contributes to the rising number of adolescent suicides?
A. delayed cognitive development B. blurring of gender roles C. prevalent availability of guns in the United States D. high levels of intelligence
Studies suggest that social loafing can be avoided if
a. group members are reminded to “give their all.” b. individuals’ contributions to the group product are identifiable. c. group members are trained to better coordinate their combined efforts. d. the leader is strong.
Agency is a feminine gender orientation that emphasizes connectedness to others
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false