How did a fear of radicalism and dissent manifest domestically during the early Cold War?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The ideal answer should include:
1. The Cold War heightened traditional fears that subversion from abroad endangered the republic, stroked by the federal government’s portrayal of Soviets as revolutionaries bent on world conquest.
2. Revelations of Communist espionage stroked fears, sparking a second Red Scare.
3. The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) held hearings indicating that Communist agents had flourished in the Agriculture and Treasury Departments in the 1930s.
4. Truman initiated a Loyalty Program in 1947, ordering security checks of government employees to root out Communists.
5. In four years the Loyalty Review Board was dismissing workers as security risks if there was
“reasonable doubt” of their loyalty; thousands of government workers lost their jobs, charged
with guilt by association with radicals or with membership in left-wing organizations.
6. Alger Hiss was accused of being a Soviet spy but convicted only of perjury because the statute of limitations prevented a charge of treason.
7. Eleven officials of the Communist Party were charged with advocating the violent overthrow of the government, found guilty by a jury, and given prison sentences and heavy fines.
8. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were found guilty of espionage for conspiring to transmit atomic secrets to the Soviet Union and executed.
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