All of the following are considered formal controls or sanctions EXCEPT:
a. community acceptance
b. courts
c. jail or prison
d. law enforcement
a. community acceptance
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List and explain neutralization theory; how does it apply to criminal offending? What types of crimes would you believe it would apply to most often? Explain.
What will be an ideal response?
Psychological positivists assume that:
a. motivation is determined by our inherent drive for survival and sex. b. the law defines behavior as normal and abnormal. c. human behavior is determined by factors beyond our control. d. all of the above. e. none of the above.
In the context of making laws, Jack D. Douglas and Frances C. Waksler presented the continuum of deviance as a __________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
__________________, in his Philadelphia cohort research, identified a small group of chronic offenders who engaged in frequent and repeated criminal activity across their life spans
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word