The quality of an experiment is judged by its internal validity. When we say that an experiment is internally valid, it means that
a. our operational definitions of the dependent and independent variables accurately capture the concepts those variables are meant to represent.
b. within the context of the experiment, each time we take a measure of the dependent variable from a participant, we get roughly the same result.
c. our operational definitions of variables are valid, but only within the context of that one experiment.
d. we can confidently state that any observed changes in the dependent variable result from manipulations of the independent variable(s) and nothing else.
D
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Advocates of humanitarian intervention generally prefer multilateral interventions because they
a. share the cost around. b. are usually more successful. c. are less likely to be motivated by narrow interests. d. the only kind permitted by international law.
Which of the following best summarizes how anarchy complicates cooperation in the international system?
A) Issues are too complex for cooperation to occur. B) Powerful countries only want to interact with each other. C) States find it difficult to reach agreements across diverse interests. D) The United Nations prevents cooperation because of its structure. E) With no central authority, states can cheat on agreements.
Qualified challengers for congressional office often ______ before running for office.
a. rationally wait for an open seat b. base their decision on constituency c. seek political mandates d. acquire political power
Open seats usually create hard-fought primaries
Indicate whether the statement is true or false