What were the responses of the Catholic Church to nationalism?
What will be an ideal response?
Pope Pius IX was in power when Italy unified in 1870, and he objected to the universalism of a secular mentality that overrode or sublimated the universalism of the Catholic faith. He refused to recognize the nation of Italy and succeeded in pushing through the Vatican Council the Doctrine of Papal Infallibility, which held that papal pronouncements on matters of faith and dogma required obedience of all Catholics, regardless of secular law. Pius hoped that the enforcement of church authority could combat modernism. He outlined his distaste for all things modern in his Syllabus of Errors in 1864 . His rejection of constitutionalism and modern politics was a considerable obstacle for practicing Catholics trying to reconcile faith and modern life. He proclamations were mitigated somewhat by his successor, Pope Leo XIII, who sought a compromise. He also opposed nationalism, socialism, and rationalism, but he found a compromise between political participation and modern life, and the maintenance of Catholic faith by issuing the Rerum Novarum.
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Why was it beneficial for President Bush to cast himself as a wartime president as he launched his reelection campaign in the fall of 2004?
A. The American people were tired of hearing about domestic issues such as the sluggish economy. B. Appealing to patriotism helped President Bush largely ignore domestic issues such as the economy. C. President Bush had previously won the 2000 election using a wartime platform. D. President Bush's opponent, John Kerry, had no previous experience with wartime issues.
A great deal of political turmoil affected England throughout the seventeenth century
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
In the late twentieth century, Afrocentricists regarded ancient __________ as an essentially black civilization
A) Mesopotamia B) Egypt C) Italy D) Greece
For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. V. I. Lenin
What will be an ideal response?