Summarize Freud's view of the structure of personality
What will be an ideal response?
Personality is composed of three structures. The id contains our animalistic urges and instincts. It operates largely in the unconscious. It is present at birth, and operates according to the pleasure principle, the demand for immediate, unqualified gratification of all desires. Soon after birth, the ego develops. This portion of personality arises to cope with the demands of reality, particularly the constraints that prevent the id from achieving instant gratification. The ego operates according to the reality principle, which recognizes the limits and boundaries of society. Finally, the superego develops. This is the component of personality that acts as our conscience. It internalizes moral ideas presented by external agents (parents and teachers) and provides moral guidance.
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In The Bell Curve, Herrnstein and Murray imply all of the following EXCEPT
a. cultural differences in average intelligence are substantial. b. intelligence is influenced by genetic inheritance. c. cultural differences in average intelligence cannot be easily reduced. d. the heritability of intelligence is very low.
Smita studies six different cohorts over a 30-year period, testing each subject every five years. Smita is using a ____ design
a. longitudinal b. cross-sectional c. sequential d. microgenetic
When the frequency of a response is decreased due to the onset of an unpleasant event or aversive situation, this consequence is known as __________ punishment
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Sensation is the detection of physical energy emitted or reflected by physical objects. The cells that do the detecting are located in ________
a. the sense organs. b. the hypothalamus. c. sensory modalities. d. the frontal cortex.