Reasons the U.S. Supreme Court put into effect the totality of the circumstances test for assessing informant information based on the Illinois v. Gates (1983) decision include _____
a. the Aguilar-Spinelli criteria were so flexible as to be nonsensical
b. the fluidity of the concept of probable cause
c. Aguilar-Spinelli made it too easy to obtain a search warrant
d. the need decision factors that could be used is all cases
b
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The Apalachin meeting provided further evidence for the existence of a ______ and coordinated crime syndicate.
a. international b. statewide c. national d. countywide
______ theoretical model proposed that the entire lower class had its own cultural value system.
a. Wolfgang’s b. Ferracuti’s c. Miller’s d. Anderson’s
Which of the following are programs that have the greatest impact on recidivism?
a. Anger management b. Substance abuse c. Interpersonal problem solving d. Critical thinking e. All of the above
_______ is the authority to make decisions without reference to specific rules.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).