A ____________________ requires an offender to spend a period of time in jail before being placed on probation in the community

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word


split sentence

Criminal Justice

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A scale often used in survey research in which people express attitudes or other responses in terms of ordinal-level categories that are ranked along a continuum is called a ____________________

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice

Two studies test a hypothesis about the association between crime and drug use. Study A uses a cross-sectional survey design to test the hypothesis that crime increases drug use. Adults are surveyed and asked about their levels of drug use and criminal behavior. Study B uses a cross-sectional survey design to test the hypothesis that juvenile delinquency causes drug use. Adults are surveyed about their delinquent behaviors in adolescence and whether they are currently using drugs. With respect to the two studies, which of the following is correct?

A. Study A does a better job of meeting criteria for establishing causality between variables. B. Neither A nor B does a better job of meeting the criteria for establishing time order. C. Study A is preferable to study B in terms of the criterion of association only. D. Study B does a better job of meeting criteria for establishing causality between variables.

Criminal Justice

English common law assumes children under the age of seven to be incapable of criminal intent

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

The most common mechanism for holding police accountable for their misconduct is:

a. a tort lawsuit. b. a section 1983 lawsuit. c. a letter of complaint. d. administrative review and discipline.

Criminal Justice